Stone Veneer Sheets: Composition & Classification
Definition
Stone veneer sheets are metamorphic or sedimentary carbonate rocks composed primarily of calcium carbonate (over 50%), along with magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, manganese oxide, and silicon dioxide.
ASTM Classification of Natural Stone
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines and classifies natural stone veneer sheets into strict technical standards that are widely accepted internationally (including in China, the EU, and Japan). These standards ensure consistency and quality across different types of stone used in engineering and construction.
For instance, limestone and sandstone engineering stone standards in China are certified based on ASTM standards by the National Building Materials Industry Stone Material Inspection Center.
The ASTM divides natural veneer stone into six categories:
- Granite
- Limestone
- Marble
- Quartz-based stone
- Slate
- Other stone veneer sheets
Limestone Classification (ASTM Standards)
Definition
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of:
- Calcium carbonate (calcite mineral)
- Calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomitic mineral)
- A mixture of both
Commercially, limestone is classified into:
- Limestone
- Crust limestone
- Dolomite
- Microcrystalline limestone
- Slug limestone
- Recrystallized limestone
- Tuff
Performance Classification (Density-Based)
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Low-density limestone: 1.76 - 2.16 g/cm³
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Medium-density limestone: 1.76 - 2.56 g/cm³
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High-density limestone: Above 2.56 g/cm³
By following ASTM standards, professionals can select the appropriate type of stone veneer sheets for construction and decorative applications.
